Cybersecurity is one of the complex landscapes in which every organisation deals in this fourth industrial revolution, which witnessed the dramatic increase in modern business activities not just in the domestic sphere but also globally. Apart from this, technological advancements are inching towards a new height. Nevertheless, these advancements come with a severe challenge. Cyber-attacks have evolved as one of the substantial threats to modern business organisations and data-driven institutions. Businesses all over the globe, losing millions of dollars every year because of cyber-attacks especially Ransomware attacks which is considered as one of the significant threats to a company’s core assets and financial resources. So how do we evaluate a cyber security vulnerability in an organisation? How do we secure an organisations data space from cyber-attacks? Most importantly what measure do we have to take to make our institutions cyber secure?

Cybersecurity assessment is a mechanism or a procedure to evaluate the security posture of an organisation to determine the vulnerabilities within an organisation and its preparedness to mitigate the damage. There are certain standard processes to perform a cyber security assessment in an organisation. However, before performing a cybersecurity assessment in an organisation, there are set of guidelines that need to be looked into.
  1. Evaluate the scope of the assessment determine each asset value/ evaluate the cost of protection
  2. Identify cybersecurity risks
  3. Compare the value of the cost of prevention
  4. Establish and continuously monitor the security controls
(Assets includes application, network, systems, data, etc.)
Cyber protection is a landscape that is quintessential to the approach, “One size doesn’t fit all”. Every organisation had its risk prospects that need to be addressed. An efficient cybersecurity assessment deep dives into the security postures at different levels like system, application, network of an organisation and identify the peculiar weakness and strengths to give betters insights for the business leaders to take a proactive approach in dealing with Information technology and Data. Cybersecurity assessments help the organisation reduce the cost of a breach and enhance defence capabilities. Moreover, it also evaluates the security threats from your third-party vendors with whom a business shares a partnership.

Some types of cybersecurity assessments that are not exclusive but popular:

  1. Vulnerability assessment:
            VA is the most commonly performed assessment which is usually performed to identify security bugs, flaws in the assets and technical applications.
 
  1. Penetration assessment:
          Commonly known as PEN TEST is a kind of ethical hacking which is an authorised simulated cyber-attack on the computer systems or assets to evaluate the security vulnerabilities within the organisation.
 
  1. Cloud Security assessment:
           Cloud security assessment identifies the weaknesses and potential points of entry into an organisations cloud infrastructure. The cloud security assessment is absolute for enterprises utilizing SaaS (Software as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), or PaaS (Platform as a Service) model for their day-to-day operation.
 
  1. Compromise assessment:
          Compromise assessment is an Objective survey of a network and its endpoints to discover unknown vulnerabilities, security breaches, malware and signs of unauthorised access or indicators of compromise. Unfortunately, this assessment does not have any standard methodologies or approaches to assess. Hence this assessment is considered a specialised service.
 
  1. Social Engineering assessment:
           Within the security chain, Human beings tend to be the weakest link. Hence this assessment aims to measure the information security awareness levels among the organisational personnel by evaluating its employees’ human tendencies. 
 
  1. Third-party risk assessment:
         A third-party risk assessment analyses the risk induced to your organization via third-party relationships along the supply chain. Those third parties can include vendors, service providers, software providers and other suppliers.
        
       7. Red teaming assessment:
         This assessment was performed through a simulated multi-layered cyber-attack on agreed objectives and targeted assets. Through this assessment, companies can get a holistic insight into their risk posture and security architecture.

To Conclude, In recent times, cybersecurity has been evolving as an active threat, which earlier regarded as a passive threat. Cybersecurity assessment is an essential activity that every organisation should perform to introspect their organisations security landscape. 

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